Molecular characterization of juvenile fish from the Amazon estuary using DNA barcoding approach.

The efficiency of the DNA barcoding relies on sequencing fragment of the Cytochrome C Subunit I (COI) gene, which has been claimed as a tool to biodiversity identification from distinct groups. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to identify juvenile fish species along an estuary of Caeté River in the Brazilian Blue Amazon based on. For this purpose, we applied the DNA barcoding and discuss this approach as a tool for discrimination of species in early ontogenetic stages. A 500-bp fragment was obtained from 74 individuals, belonging to 23 species, 20 genera, 13 families and seven orders. About 70% of the 46 haplotypes revealed congruence between morphological and molecular species identification, while 8% of them failed in identification of taxa and 22% demonstrated morphological misidentification. These results proved that COI fragments were effective to diagnose fish species at early life stages, allowing identifying all samples to a species-specific status, except for some taxa whose COI sequences remain unavailable in public databases. Therefore, we recommend the incorporation of DNA barcoding to provide additional support to traditional identification, especially in morphologically controversial groups. In addition, periodic updates and comparative analyses in public COI datasets are encouraged.

Comparison of glass and digital slides for cervical cytopathology screening and interpretation.

Cervical cancer is the second most common form of cancer and a leading cause of premature death among women aged 15 to 44 worldwide. In Brazil, there is a high prevalence of infection by the human papillomavirus - HPV. Digital pathology optimizes time and space for reading cervicovaginal cytology slides. We evaluated the feasibility of using whole slide images (WSI) for the routine interpretation of cytology exams. A total of 99 cases of vaginal cytology were selected from a reference laboratory in Northeastern Brazil. Three cytotechnicians participated in the study. Cellular atypia was the one that most presented concordance values. Two observers almost perfectly agreed (k = 0.86 and k = 0.84, respectively) on the negative diagnoses. The performance of the evaluators for NILM (negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy) showed high reproducibility and sensitivity in the digital slides, mainly between evaluators A and C. In contrast, the microbiology group showed disagreement between the diagnoses by digital slides and the standard- gold. The concordance between the digital diagnoses and the gold standard for ASCUS was 89%. In the inflammatory category, Spearman's test showed similar results between raters A, B, and C (rs = 0.47, rs = 0.41, and rs = 0.47, respectively). This study reports the diagnostic validation using digital slides in view of the need to optimize the cytology visualization process. Our experience shows good diagnostic agreement between digital and optical microscopy in several analyzed categories, but mainly in relation to cellular atypia and inflammatory processes.

First record of rainbow shrimp, exotic species Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller, 1862), in the Brazilian coastal amazon, validated by DNA barcode.

BACKGROUND: This is the first record of the alien shrimp Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis in Brazil. The invasion was detected within Marine Extractive Reserves based on eight specimens accidentally caught by local fishermen using trawlnets focused on fisheries of native species. These specimens were transported to the Laboratory of Applied Genetics and morphologically identified as Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis (rainbow shrimp). The taxonomic status of analyzed samples was confirmed by DNA barcoding using a 627-bp fragment of the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene. RESULTS: A single haplotype was recovered from the eight specimens, being identical to a haplotype reported in India, where this species naturally occurs, and in Mozambique, where the rainbow shrimp is considered an invasive species. The present analyses indicated a putative invasive route (i.e., India-Mozambique-Brazil) mediated by shipping trade. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the first record of Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis in Brazil, in areas of extractive reserves on the Amazon coast. Notably exotic species can cause imbalance in the ecosystem, harming native species. In view of this, the registration of new invasions is essential as they contribute to the implementation of control plans.

Enlightening new underpinnings in hydration retinal folds.

PURPOSE: To describe and value a peculiar alteration typically found in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment raising news foundations of its role in the photoreceptors and visual prognosis. DESIGN: Case description and rationale formulation. SUBJECTS: An isolated case. INTERVENTION: We report a case of a 52-year-old male patient complaining of sudden visual acuity (VA) loss in the left eye. Fundoscopic findings revealed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, macula off, and an isolated horseshoe tear in the infero-temporal periphery. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) evinced prominent hydration retinal folds. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Restructuring of the retinal layers, visual acuity and complaints. RESULTS: The patient underwent scleral buckling surgery with complete re-attachment of the retina and significant improvement of the hydration retinal folds. In addition, there was resolution of visual symptoms, with a final VA of 20/30. CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that the increase in arc length of the outer retina generates a centripetal force towards the fovea. Its association with the higher density of photoreceptors in this region, generates resistance in the water inflow, preventing swelling and cellular damage of the central photoreceptors.

A patient with X-linked retinoschisis and exudative retinal detachment associated with a pathogenic hemizygous variant c.304c>T in RS1.

BACKGROUND: X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is a rare retinal dystrophy due to pathogenic variants in the RS1 gene. The hallmark of the disease is a foveal spoke-wheel appearance. The purpose of this report is to expand the phenotypic spectrum of XLRS reporting a patient with atypical phenotype of XLRS associated with Coats-like phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a case report of a patient diagnosed with XLRS who underwent ophthalmologic multimodal imaging and next-generation sequencing panel. RESULTS: The proband is a 14-year-old male patient who presented at Instituto Suel Abujamra with a history of Coats Disease in the right eye treated with retinal laser in both eyes two years ago. His best-corrected visual acuity was count finger at 1 foot in the right eye and 20/40 in the left eye. Fundus exam showed an extensive area of exudation and retinal detachment in the right eye and cystic change at the fovea in a spoke-wheel pattern in the left eye. The next-generation sequencing panel targeting inherited retinal diseases with 236 genes found a pathogenic hemizygous variant c.304C>T (p.Arg102Trp) in RS1 that has already been reported. CONCLUSIONS: The association of peripheral vascular incompetence and XLRS has already been described. Retinal exudation in the setting of XLRS is probably the result of vascular disruption and compromise. The loss of retinoschisin function that leads to foveal retinoschisis may also lead to vascular anomalies.

Automatic segmentation of retinal layers in OCT images with intermediate age-related macular degeneration using U-Net and DexiNed.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that can cause visual impairment and affects the elderly over 50 years of age. AMD is characterized by the presence of drusen, which causes changes in the physiological structure of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the boundaries of the Bruch's membrane layer (BM). Optical coherence tomography is one of the main exams for the detection and monitoring of AMD, which seeks changes through the evaluation of successive sectional cuts in the search for morphological changes caused by drusen. The use of CAD (Computer-Aided Detection) systems has contributed to increasing the chances of correct detection, assisting specialists in diagnosing and monitoring disease. Thus, the objective of this work is to present a method for the segmentation of the inner limiting membrane (ILM), retinal pigment epithelium, and Bruch's membrane in OCT images of healthy and Intermediate AMD patients. The method uses two deep neural networks, U-Net and DexiNed to perform the segmentation. The results were promising, reaching an average absolute error of 0.49 pixel for ILM, 0.57 for RPE, and 0.66 for BM.

O lugar do brincar na educação física infantil: possibilidades de interface com o aprender / The place of playing in child's physical education: possibilities of interface with learning / El lugar del brincar en la educación física infantil: posibilidades de interfaz con el aprender

O presente estudo analisou o brincar nas aulas de Educação Física infantil, tendo em vista suas possibilidades e a sua relação com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A partir de um estudo de caso intrín - seco foi possível inferir que o brincar se faz presente nas aulas e que a sua adoção pelo professor como elemento facilitador no processo de ensino-aprendizagem amplia as possibilidades no trato dos conteúdos da Educação Física e de manifestações culturais entre as crianças na educação infantil. No entanto, a adoção do brincar como elemento fa - cilitador do processo de ensino-aprendizagem na Educação Física infantil, demanda planejamento, organização do espaço da aula, divisão do tempo e do número de alunos que irão participar. Não se trata de um brincar pelo brincar.

The present study analyzed the playing in the classes of Physical Education in the child education, considering its possibilities and its relation with the process of teaching learning. An intrinsic case study revealed that play is present in the classroom and that its adoption by the teacher as a facilitator element in the teaching learning process broadens the possibilities in the teach the contents of Physical Education and cultural manifestations among children in early child education. However, the adoption of play as a facilitator of the learning process in Physical Education in child education demands planning, organization of classroom space, division of time and number of students who will participate.

El presente estudio analizó el juego en las clases de Educación Física infantil, teniendo en vista sus posibilidades y su relación con el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. A partir de un estudio de caso intrínseco fue posible inferir que el jugar se hace presente en las clases y que su adopción por el profesor como elemento facilitador en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje amplía las posibilidades en el trato de los contenidos de la Educación Física y de manifestaciones culturales entre los niños en la educación infantil. Sin embargo, la adopción del juego como elemento facilitador del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en la Educación Física infantil, demanda planificación, organización del espacio de la clase, división del tiempo y del número de alumnos que participar. No se trata de un juego por jugar.

Interferometer eye image classification for dry eye categorization using phylogenetic diversity indexes for texture analysis.

Background and Objective Dry eye syndrome disease negatively impacts many people in various ways. Several tests are required to diagnose it for evaluating different physiological characteristics. One of the most applied tests for this is the manual classification of tear film images captured with Doane interferometer. Interferometry images can be categorized into five groups: debris, fine fringes, coalescing fine fringes, strong fringes, and coalescing strong fringes. Instability in the tear film creates the need for an automatic system to provide experts with diagnostic support. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to propose a method for automatic classification of the tear film lipid layer using phylogenetic diversity indexes for feature extraction and several classifiers. Methods The proposed method consisted of five main steps: (1) acquisition of VOPTICAL_GCU image dataset, (2) segmentation of the region of interest, (3) feature extraction using phylogenetic diversity indexes, (4) classification using the algorithms Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Multilayer Perceptron, Random Tree, and RBFNetwork, and, (5) validation of results. Results The best result was obtained using Random Forest classifier, reaching an accuracy of over 97%, standard deviation of 0.51%, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.99, a Kappa index of 0.96, and an F-Measure of 0.97. Conclusions The proposed method demonstrated that the tear film lipid layer classification problem can be resolved efficiently by using phylogenetic diversity indexes.

A prática do bom professor na formação inicial: uma análise na perspectiva de acadêmicos do curso de licenciatura em educação física / The practice of the good professor in initial training: an analysis in the perspective of academics of the licensee course in physical education / La práctica del buen profesor en la formación inicial: un análisis en la perspectiva de académicos del curso de licenciatura en educación física

O estudo analisou a prática pedagógica do professor no ensino superior considerado bom professor na perspectiva de acadêmicos de um curso de licenciatura em Educação Física. A partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, em que foi utilizado um questionário estruturado na escala Likert de 5 pontos, com 53 acadêmicos que se encontravam matriculados no último ano do curso, foi possível inferir que as boas práticas pedagógicas são ancoradas numa perspectiva crítica de ensino, em que se inserem as dimensões técnica, político-social e humana no processo ensino aprendizagem ao longo da formação inicial dos futuros professores em questão. Em suma, o conceito valorativo de bom professor decorre de fatores percebidos na prática pedagógica do professor ao longo de sua trajetória profissional.

The study examined the pedagogical practice of the professor considered good teacher from the perspective of academics of a licensee course in Physical Education. From a qualitative research, using a structured questionnaire on the 5-point Likert scale, with 53 students who were enrolled in the last year of the course, it was possible to infer that good pedagogical practices are based in a critical teaching perspective, which includes the technical, politicalsocial and human dimensions in the teaching-learning process throughout the initial training of the future teachers in question. In short, the evaluative concept of good teacher comes from factors perceived in the teacher's pedagogic practice throughout his/her professional career.

El estudio analizó la práctica pedagógica del profesor de la enseñanza superior considerado buen profesor, desde la perspectiva de académicos de un curso de licenciatura en Educación Física. A partir de una investigación cualitativa en la que se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado en la escala Likert de 5 puntos, con 53 académicos matriculados en el último año del curso, fue posible deducir que las buenas prácticas pedagógicas se anclan en una perspectiva crítica de enseñanza; que se insertan las dimensiones técnica, político-social y humana en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje a lo largo de la formación inicial de los futuros profesores en cuestión. En suma, el concepto valorativo de buen profesor deriva de factores percibidos en la práctica pedagógica del profesor a lo largo de su trayectoria profesional.

Diagnóstico de glaucoma em retinografias baseado em geoestatística / Glaucoma diagnosis in retinography based on geostatistics

O glaucoma é uma das doenças que mais causam cegueira em todo o mundo. O Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (CBO) estima que no Brasil existam 985 mil portadores de glaucoma com mais de 40 anos de idade. A utilização de sistemas CAD e CADx tem contribuído para aumentar as chances de detecção e diagnósticos corretos,auxiliando os especialistas na tomada de decisões sobre o tratamento do glaucoma. OBJETIVO: Apresentar um método para diagnóstico do glaucoma em retinografias utilizando o LBP para representar a região do disco ótico, funções geoestatísticas para descrever padrões e o MVS para classificar as imagens. MÉTODOS: Executado em 3 etapas: Representação da imagem (1), Extração de Características com geoestatística (2) e Classificação e Validação (3). RESULTADOS: Foram obtidos 88% de especificidade, 82% de sensibilidade e 84% de acurácia no diagnóstico do glaucoma. CONCLUSÃO: O método mostrou-se promissor como uma forma de auxílio ao diagnóstico de glaucoma.

Glaucoma is one of the diseases that more cause blindness worldwide. The Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology (CBO) estimates that in Brazil there are 985,000 people with glaucoma over 40 years old. The use of CAD and CADxsystems has contributed to increase the chances of detection and correct diagnoses, they provide, helping specialists inmaking decisions on glaucoma treatment. OBJECTIVE: To introduce a method for diagnosing glaucoma in fundus imageusing the LBP to represent the optic disk region, geostatistical functions to describe patterns and SVM to classify the images. METHODS: Run in 3 steps: Image representation (2), Feature extraction with geostatistic (3) and Classification and Validation (4). RESULTS: we obtained 88% specificity, 82% sensitivity and 84% accuracy in the diagnosis of glaucoma. CONCLUSION: The method has shown promise as a tool to aid the diagnosis of glaucoma.